Chemical characterization, antioxidant capacity, and anti-hyperglycemic effect of Stenocereus stellatus fruits from the arid Mixteca Baja region of Mexico

Abstract

The tunillo (Stenocereus stellatus [Pfeiffer] Riccobono) is a relatively little known cactus fruit with a significant pharmacological potential. However, all currently known variants are identified visually mostly on the basis of pulp color. Differences in chemical composition and pharmacological properties also remain largely unknown. Support vector machine classifiers were applied to UV–Visible spectra of liquid samples to obtain the following, color-based categories of tunillo fruits: A1-white, A2-red, A3-purple, and A4-orange. The spectrum of A2-red could be duplicated by combining those from A3-purple and A4-orange, while UPGMA-based hierarchical clustering of psbA-trnH and matK suggested that certain differences in color might actually have a genetic basis. The pigment quantification established A2-red and A3-purple as the most suitable candidates for the extraction of betalains and complex colored matrices, respectively. A2-red also had the highest content of phenols and flavonoids and displayed a noticeable anti-hyperglycemic effect.