Abstract
The extraction process of bioactive compounds from propolis produced by selected bees was optimized using a 2³ factorial design planning to evaluate the effect of ethanol concentration, time and temperature on the extraction of total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. Analysis of total flavonoids, antioxidant activity and chemical characterization performed by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array (HPLC-PDA) detection were carried out in optimal conditions of extraction. Optimizing results suggest that the best condition for extraction of bioactive compounds was obtained in higher levels: time (45 min), temperature (70 °C) and concentration of ethanol (80%). The extract evaluated in optimal conditions presented good antioxidant activity by the radical scavenging 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods and chromatographic analysis identified phenolic acids: para-coumaric, ferulic and caffeic, indicating that this material is a potential source of bioactive compounds.
Highlights
Propolis is a resinous material collected by bees from various parts of plants and is used in protection of the hive and currently is consumed as a functional food
Antioxidant activity of EEP determined by diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) method varied from 31.6 to 87.5 μmol trolox g-1 (Table 1)
The results of this study confirm that the optimization of extraction conditions is important to obtain extracts rich in phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity from propolis
Summary
Propolis is a resinous material collected by bees from various parts of plants and is used in protection of the hive and currently is consumed as a functional food. There are several types of propolis and each one has different pharmacological properties, which depends on its chemical composition and varies according to the region where it is produced and collected.[1]. The Brazilian product is highly valued and has unique characteristics, typical of propolis originated in tropical regions, which give various biological activities to it such. The compounds that have antioxidant activity, such as the phenolic compounds, have been the subject of several studies These compounds act as protectors of the human body against excessive radicals, naturally produced during aerobic metabolism, which initiates a process of oxidative stress. This process may cause numerous diseases, including cancer, anemia and cardiovascular problems.[6]
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