Chemical characterization and in vitro crude protein degradability of thin stillage derived from barley- and wheat-based ethanol production

Abstract

A study was conducted to characterize the different carbohydrate and protein fractions of wheat- and barley-based thin stillage samples. In vitro crude protein degradability of wheat- and barley-based thin stillage was estimated relative to soyabean (SBM) and canola (CM) meal using a protease enzyme assay. Results of the carbohydrate analysis showed that wheat thin stillage had similar neutral (NDF, average 328.5 g kg −1) and lower ( P < 0.05) acid detergent fibre (ADF) than barley-based thin stillage. Relative to barley-based thin stillage, wheat thin stillage had higher ( P < 0.05) crude protein (CP) and soluble CP content. However, the amount of CP associated with NDF and ADF was higher ( P < 0.05) in barley-based thin stillage than in wheat thin stillage. Fractionation of true protein showed that most of the CP (average 707 g kg −1 of CP) was present in the slowly degradable true protein fraction and was similar in both byproducts. Glutamic acid was the main amino acid in thin stillage and was higher ( P < 0.05) in wheat than in barley-based thin stillage. However, barley-based thin stillage had higher ( P < 0.05) levels of lysine, methionine, arginine, threonine, leucine and isoleucine than wheat thin stillage. Results of the in vitro trial indicated that effective degradability of CP (g kg −1 of CP) followed the order ( P < 0.05): SBM (665.0) > wheat thin stillage (614.0) > CM (531.0) > barley-based thin stillage (493.0). It was concluded that barley-based thin stillage had different chemical characteristics than wheat thin stillage. The reduced CP degradability of barley-based thin stillage relative to wheat thin stillage was attributed to a lower CP and a higher acid detergent in soluble CP level.