Abstract
The compositions of essential oils from Chenopodium ambrosioides L. and Philodendron bipinnatifidum Schott were determined, and the their potential effects on the nutrition and mortality of Diabrotica speciosa were studied. The extraction of the oils was performed by hydrodistillation (2 h) using a modified Clevenger apparatus and the oils were subsequently subjected to analysis by gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (CG/FID) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications was adopted. The bean plants were sprayed with solutions of the oils dissolved in aqueous Tween 80 solutions at concentrations of 0 (water + Tween 80), 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% and then furnished to the insects with no choice available. Seven days after the application, the percentage of leaves with injury, degree of defoliation, the preference index for consumption and the percent of mortality of insects were evaluated. Neither of the essential oils caused a reduction in foliar injury, but antifeeding activity was observed, causing reduced feeding and increasing the mortality of adult D. speciosa insects.
Highlights
Diabrotica speciosa (Germar, 1824) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a major pest of dry beans and some vegetable crops
The leaves of the C. ambrosioides plant were collected in the Medicinal Plants Garden of the Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil
The chemical components of essential oil of C. ambrosioides L. and P. bipinnatifidum followed by their calculated retention index and reported retention index with their contents expressed in percentage are in Table 1 and Table 2, respectively
Summary
Diabrotica speciosa (Germar, 1824) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a major pest of dry beans and some vegetable crops. Essential oils are complex mixtures of volatile compounds of different chemical origins [9] They possess important biological activities, especially for the agrochemical industry that seeks to develop natural insecticides. In this context, these compounds are an alternative for the control of insect pests [10]. Chenopodium ambrosioides L., popularly known as Santa Maria herb, is a native species of tropical South America, principally Mexico It is distributed throughout the tropical, subtropical and temperate regions. The present study involved the characterization of the essential oils from these two species and the evaluation of their effects on foliar injury, feeding activity and mortality of D. speciosa in the common bean plant
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