Abstract
ABSTRACTThis paper presents chemical characteristics of diesel particulate matter (DPM). A heavy-duty diesel engine was tested in ETC cycle with an engine dynamometer. The DPM was sampled with quartz fiber membrane and organic membrane filter. Quartz fiber membrane was used for total carbon (TC) and particle-phase PAHs (p-PAHs) measurement, while the organic membrane was used for inorganic elements measurement. On the quartz fiber membrane, the total of 15 elements detected were 11% of DPM mass. Ca, Si, Na and Al were the major components, accounted for 79% of the 15 elements mass. On the organic membrane, total carbon (elemental carbon + organic carbon) was 90% of total DPM mass. Three-ring p-PAHs were the major components (66%) of total p-PAHs mass followed by four-ring (18%) and two-ring (16%). The FLT/(FLT + PYR) ratio was 0.62, indicative of diesel vehicle emissions.
Highlights
With a rapid growth of vehicle population in Asian developing countries, traffic emission has become one of the major contributors to the ambient particulate matter (PM) (Kim et al, 2006; Hai and Kim, 2013; Li et al, 2013; Liang et al, 2013)
This paper presents chemical characteristics of diesel particulate matter (DPM)
Quartz fiber membrane was used for total carbon (TC) and particle-phase Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (p-PAHs) measurement, while the organic membrane was used for inorganic elements measurement
Summary
With a rapid growth of vehicle population in Asian developing countries, traffic emission has become one of the major contributors to the ambient particulate matter (PM) (Kim et al, 2006; Hai and Kim, 2013; Li et al, 2013; Liang et al, 2013). Chemical composition of DPM is affected by numerous factors, such as engine model year, operating conditions, fuel characteristics, and emission control technology. Many studies have explored the relationships between DPM chemical composition and these factors. Compared with their newer counterparts (model year 1992–1999), relative abundances of PAHs in DPM emitted from older vehicle (model year 1985) were significantly higher (Riddle et al, 2007). Positive relations between diesel sulfur content and inorganic elements emissions, as well as between diesel sulfur content and particle-phase PAHs emissions have been found (Lim et al, 2007; Lu et al, 2012). Our previous study (Jin et al, 2014) analyzed total carbon, 15 inorganic elements, and 12 particle-phase PAHs in DPM in 6 sets of speed–load conditions. Strong positive correlations (r > 0.99, p < 0.05) between phenanthrene and anthracene, as well as among benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene and benzo[k]fluoranthene) were found
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