Chemical Characteristics of Collagen Extract from Scapula of Bali Cattle (Os scapula) Produced Using Different Extractant

Abstract

The structure of cattle bone is rich of protein collagen compounds that are strongly bound to the minerals calcium (Ockerman and Hansen, 2000). Collagen is a structural protein that is only produced by the body tissues of cattle (Zeugolis et al., 2008) and recently, it has been widely used as a food supplement to prevent bone disease (osteoporosis), joint pain (osteoarthritis) and premature aging (Rogart et al., 1999 ; Tian et al., 2001). Until now the use of abattoir waste such as bone as the cheap collagen protein source in fact has not been widely explored. The exploration of bone waste as a source of collagen is possible, because the collagen compound contained in cow bones appeared to have similarities in terms of chemical composition, morphology, distribution, function and pathology with the collagen compound found in the human body (Junqueira et al., 1998).The exploration process of bioactive compounds such as collagen extract derived from bovine bone until now has not been much publicized yet. Therefore, this exploratory research has been conducted in the form of the optimization of the production processes of bone collagen compounds, especially Bali cattle bones in the shoulder blade (os scapula) in the form of extracts instant readily consume. The results of the initial study showed that the shoulder blade (os scapula) of Bali cattle have the potential for higher protein content (39.4%) compared to other parts such as the spinal bones (os vertebrae) (37.56%), thigh bone (os femur) (24.06%) and lower leg bone (os tibia-fibula) (Said et al., 2012). The optimization of the production process allows the bioactive compounds in the form of collagen can be done through an appropriate extractant engineering use. The use of an appropriate extractant in the production process of collagen extracts, will possibly produce the maximum quantity and quality of the product (Wang et al., 2008 ; Zeugolis et al., 2008). This study aimed to evaluate the chemical properties of the product of extract collagen from the raw materials of shoulder blade (os scapula) of Bali cattle through the application of some type of extractants in the production process.