Chemical Characteristics and Sources of Heavy Metals in Fine Particles in Beijing in 2011-2012

Abstract

In order to investigate the chemical characteristics and sources of atmospheric heavy metals, PM2.5 samples were collected every three days during the summer of 2011 and summer of 2012. The samples were analyzed for Li, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Ti, Ga, Ni, Sr, Cd, In, Ba, Tl, Pb, Bi, and U by ICP-MS, with an emphasis on seven major heavy metal elements (Zn, Pb, Mn, Cu, As, V, and Cr). The concentrations of Zn, Pb, Mn, Cu, As, V, and Cr were (331.30±254.52), (212.64±182.06), (85.96±47.00), (45.19±27.74), (17.13±19.02), (4.92±3.38), and (9.04±7.84) ng·m-3 in PM2.5 in Beijing during the summer of 2011 and the summer of 2012. In the autumn and winter seasons, PM2.5/heavy metal pollution is more severe than in spring and summer, which may be related to the increase in coal combustion used for heating in autumn and winter in Beijing. Haze pollution enhances the concentrations of seven heavy metals in PM2.5 in Beijing and the enhancement shows seasonal variations. The source analysis suggested that dust (including building dust and road dust) and coal combustion might be two most important sources of heavy metals in Beijing, and transport and other industrial sources cannot be ignored.