Abstract
Thirty-six experimental silos arranged in a completely randomized 4 x 3 factorial design were provided to evaluate the chemical changes of sunflower silage treated with soybean hulls, sunflower crushed and urea at 14, 21 and 28 days of ensilage. The additives were based on 5% natural matter, whereas control consisted of silage with 100% sunflower plant. OM, NDIP, and MM had average rates 911.2; 86.6 and 92.9 g kg -1 of dry matter respectively. The addition of soybean hulls and sunflower crushed increased DM rates after 28 and 21 days. Urea increased nitrogen fractions and the addition of soybean hulls increased total carbohydrate content of silage by 5.1%, whereas the addition of sunflower crushed decreased the same by 2.18%. NDF, ADF and hemicellulose average rates were 625.4, 460.3 and 165.2 g kg -1 of DM. The addition of soybean hulls and sunflower crushed reduced the in vitro dry matter digestibility by 8.3 and 5.97%. The addition of 5% sunflower crushed and soybean hulls improved the nutritional value of sunflower silage and the addition of urea improved the protein rates.
Highlights
The sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is resistant to drought and frost and has a great adaptability to different climatic conditions
Current study evaluates the bromatological changes in sunflower silage to which soybean hulls, sunflower crushed or urea were added at different times of silo opening
According to Jobim et al (2007), the variables used to evaluate the efficiency of the silage fermentation are dry matter, pH, ammonia and organic acids
Summary
The sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is resistant to drought and frost and has a great adaptability to different climatic conditions. Current study evaluates the bromatological changes in sunflower silage to which soybean hulls, sunflower crushed or urea were added at different times of silo opening. Tomich et al (2004) evaluated sunflower varieties and found that pH value was positively related to dry matter content, indicating that silages have more humidity at lower pH rates.
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