Abstract
Thermally stabilized and subsequently carbonized nanofibers are a promising material for many technical applications in fields such as tissue engineering or energy storage. They can be obtained from a variety of different polymer precursors via electrospinning. While some methods have been tested for post-carbonization doping of nanofibers with the desired ingredients, very little is known about carbonization of blend nanofibers from two or more polymeric precursors. In this paper, we report on the preparation, thermal treatment and resulting properties of poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) blend nanofibers produced by wire-based electrospinning of binary polymer solutions. Using a wide variety of spectroscopic, microscopic and thermal characterization methods, the chemical and morphological transition during oxidative stabilization (280 °C) and incipient carbonization (500 °C) was thoroughly investigated. Both PAN and PVDF precursor polymers were detected and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively during all stages of thermal treatment. Compared to pure PAN nanofibers, the blend nanofibers showed increased fiber diameters, strong reduction of undesired morphological changes during oxidative stabilization and increased conductivity after carbonization.
Highlights
The production of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) based on carbonized electrospun nanofibers has received increasing attention in recent years, owing to the cost efficiency of electrospinning and ongoing development of new commercial applications [1,2]
We report on the preparation, thermal treatment and resulting properties of poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) blend nanofibers produced by wire-based electrospinning of binary polymer solutions
We report on the preparation, carbonization and resulting properties of PAN/PVDF blend nanofibers produced by wire-based electrospinning of binary polymer solutions in DMSO
Summary
The production of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) based on carbonized electrospun nanofibers has received increasing attention in recent years, owing to the cost efficiency of electrospinning and ongoing development of new commercial applications [1,2]. Due to the special properties of one-dimensional nanomaterials, such as nanofibers, nanowires and nanotubes, there is a great potential for application in nanocomposites [3,4], filtration [5,6,7], batteries [8,9,10], superconductors [11], nano-electronics [12] or tissue engineering [13,14,15]. Needleless (wire-based) electrospinning is usually credited with the greatest potential for the large-scale production nanofibers [16]. Numerous studies have dealt with the investigation of process parameters, precursor polymers or additives such as nanoparticles and their influence on the properties of the resulting CNFs [19,20]
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