Abstract
Chemical and microbiological characteristics of broiler processing offal, dissolved air flotation (DAF) wastewater sludge, and poultry carcasses were monitored during lactic acid fermentation. Laboratory experiments showed that poultry offal and carcasses ensiled with 15% brewer's solubles (BS) at 30°C for twenty-eight days had a proximate composition of 63-67% moisture, 11-14% protein, 13-14% fat, and 2-3% ash, which were not significantly different from those before fermentation. The silages fermented for two days and longer contained about 4-5% lactic acid, 0.2% acetic acid, 0.2% ethanol, and 0.2-0.3% ammonia-nitrogen. Indigenous lactic acid bacteria in broiler carcasses and off increased from 106 to 108 CFU/g wet weight during fermentation. Fermentation eliminated resident Salmonella spp., Campylobacter jejuni, fecal coliforms, and fecal streptococci; fermentation also reduced heterotrophic bacteria and fungi in broiler carcasses and offal. Offal and carcass fermentation under field conditions yielded similar results.
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