Chemical and Genotypic Variations in Aniba rosiodora from the Brazilian Amazon Forest.

Diana R Amazonas,Lydia F Yamaguchi,Celso Oliveira,Rosa H V Mourão,Massuo J Kato,Eric J Tepe,Lauro E S Barata

doi:10.3390/molecules26010069

Abstract

Aniba rosiodora has been exploited since the end of the nineteenth century for its essential oil, a valuable ingredient in the perfumery industry. This species occurs mainly in Northern South America, and the morphological similarity among different Aniba species often leads to misidentification, which impacts the consistency of products obtained from these plants. Hence, we compared the profiles of volatile organic compounds (essential oils) and non-volatile organic compounds (methanolic extracts) of two populations of A. rosiodora from the RESEX and FLONA conservation units, which are separated by the Tapajós River in Western Pará State. The phytochemical profile indicated a substantial difference between the two populations: samples from RESEX present α-phellandrene (22.8%) and linalool (39.6%) in their essential oil composition, while samples from FLONA contain mainly linalool (83.7%). The comparison between phytochemical profiles and phylogenetic data indicates a clear difference, implying genetic distinction between these populations.

Highlights

Plants of the family Lauraceae have been used remotely in traditional medicine and to produce flavoring, paper, and timber
The hydrodistillation of the aerial parts of plants yielded an average of 2.04% (±0.24) and 0.85% (±0.14) of essential oils for Floresta Nacional do Tapajós (FLONA) and Reserva Extrativista Tapajós-Arapiuns (RESEX) samples, respectively
Aniba rosiodora is widespread in the Amazonian basin, but data describing the phytochemical and genetic variation among populations are scarce and most of them focus on Amazonas State specimen variability

Summary

Introduction

Plants of the family Lauraceae have been used remotely in traditional medicine and to produce flavoring, paper, and timber. Species of this family can be found mainly in tropical and subtropical regions, predominantly in tropical Asia and Central and South America [1]. Aniba rosiodora Ducke ( known as Brazilian rosewood), which is frequently spelled incorrectly as A. rosaeodora 60 [2]), is one of the most economically important species of Lauraceae in Brazil. Aniba rosiodora is distributed along the northern part of South America, spreading through Northern Brazil, French Guiana, Guiana, Surinam, Venezuela, and Peru [5]. In Brazil, rosewood occurs in the western region of the Amazonian Basin in the states of Amazonas and Pará, where sparse rosewood forests remain [6,7]

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