Chemical and biological comparison of different parts of two Allium species: Allium paniculatum L. subsp. villosulum (Hal.) Stearn and Allium paniculatum L. subsp. paniculatum L

Abstract

This study aimed to compare the phenolic profiles, enzyme inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity of the bulb, stem and flower parts of Allium paniculatum subsp. villosulum and Allium paniculatum subsp. paniculatum. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extracts were spectrophotometrically determined, and the bulb (21.88 mg GAE/g extract) and flower (2.89 mg QE/g extract) parts of A. paniculatum subsp. villosulum were detected with the highest levels. Quantification of selected phenolic compounds was performed using LC–ESI–MS/MS, and p-coumaric acid (981.9, 952.6 μg/gram extract) was the major compound of both plants. Antioxidant properties of the extracts were evaluated in terms of radical scavenging (DPPH, ABTS) and reducing power (CUPRAC, FRAP) activities, and the highest values were observed in the bulb parts of the plants. Acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of the extracts were determined using a 96-well microplate reader. The flower (IC50 11.72 and 8.43 µg/ml) and stem parts (IC50 49.16 µg/ml) of A. paniculatum subsp. villosulum were the most potent samples. In addition, the results of the analyses were further evaluated and verified by principal component analysis. Conclusively, the variation and correlation of the bioactive compounds and biological activities of the different parts of both Allium species were investigated with the present research.