Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the biological activities of ethanolic propolis extracts of Apis mellifera caucasica obtained from Ardahan and Erzurum provinces of Turkey. Samples were tested for antioxidant, anticytotoxic, anticarcinogenic, antibacterial, and antifungal potentials using different techniques. Propolis samples from the two provinces had different mineral and organic compositions related to their geographical origin. The ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) test showed superiority of Ardahan propolis over the Erzurum. Regardless of origin and the presence of mitomycin C in the culture medium, propolis enhanced human peripheral lymphocyte viability, which depended on the duration and propolis concentration. Antiperoxidative activity on MCF-7 breast cancer cells was concentration-dependent. Erzurum propolis showed the highest anticarcinogenic activity at the concentrations of 62.5 μg/mL and 125 μg/ mL, which dropped at higher concentrations. All propolis samples also showed antibacterial activity against the tested human pathogens similar to ampicillin and penicillin controls, except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, they did not exert any antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Yarrowia lipolytica. In conclusion, propolis samples from both provinces showed promising biological activities, but further research should focus on finding the right concentrations for optimal effect and include the cell necrosis pathway to get a better idea of the anticarcinogenic effects.
Highlights
Mehmet Arslan1, Yusuf Sevgiler2, Celal Güven3, Zehra Tuğba Murathan4, Nurcan Erbil5, Deniz Yıldırım6, Mehmet Büyükleyla7, Şakire Karadaş8, Rima Çelik9, and Eyyüp Rencüzoğulları2
All propolis samples showed antibacterial activity against the tested human pathogens similar to ampicillin and penicillin controls, except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. They did not exert any antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Yarrowia lipolytica. Propolis samples from both provinces showed promising biological activities, but further research should focus on finding the right concentrations for optimal effect and include the cell necrosis pathway to get a better idea of the anticarcinogenic effects
Current research has established that its chemical composition and antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic properties vary from one location to another [2,3,4,5,6,7,8], as they stem from plant origin, phenolic compounds, flavonoids and their esters [9,10,11], climate, season, time of collection, and bee race [12, 13]
Summary
Current research has established that its chemical composition and antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic properties vary from one location to another [2,3,4,5,6,7,8], as they stem from plant origin, phenolic compounds, flavonoids and their esters [9,10,11], climate, season, time of collection, and bee race [12, 13] Another important factor to consider is contamination of the beehive location [14]. Considering that an earlier study singled out antimicrobial activities of propolis from A. m. caucasica in the Erzurum province [17] and that little else is known about the bioactive properties of propolis of A. m. caucasica from its natural reserve (Posof District) in the Ardahan province, we wanted to compare the inorganic and organic composition, and biological activities of propolis samples of this race from the two adjacent, yet climatically different provinces
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