Abstract
BackgroundArtemisia negrei L. (A. negrei) is a medicinal and aromatic plant belonging to the family Asteraceae that is more widespread in the folded Middle Atlas Mountains, Morocco. Materials and Methods This study was run to investigate the phytochemical composition and antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities of Artemisia negrei L. essential oil. This oil was extracted from the fresh plant material by using the Clevenger apparatus. The phytochemical composition was characterized by GC-MS. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using different methods including DPPH, β-carotene bleaching, and total antioxidant capacity. The antibacterial activity was tested vs. multidrug-resistant bacteria including both Gram-negative and Gram-positive using inhibition zones in agar media and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) bioassays. The antifungal activity was conducted on Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, and Fusarium oxysporum using a solid medium assay. Results The chromatographic characterization of essential oils of A. negrei revealed the presence of 34 compounds constituting 99.91% of the total essential oil. The latter was found to have promising antioxidant activity by all bioassays used such as DPPH, β-carotene bleaching, and total antioxidant capacity. The results obtained showed that our plant oils had potent antibacterial activity towards Gram-negative (E. coli 57, E. coli 97, K. pneumonia, and P. aeruginosa) and Gram-positive (S. aureus), so that the maximum inhibition zones and MIC values were around 18–37 mm and 3.25 to 12.5 mg/mL, respectively. The oil also showed antifungal activity towards Candida albicans, Fusarium oxysporum, and Aspergillus Niger except for flavus species. Conclusion The findings obtained in the work showed that A. negrei can serve as a valuable source of natural compounds that can be used as a new weapon to fight radical damage and resistant microbes.
Highlights
Herbal medicine has become a more popular way of fighting against diseases and producing pharmaceutical medicines [1,2,3]. e use of herbal medicine for seeking potentially active compounds has been proven to promote scientific output [4]
Phytochemical Compounds of Essential Oil. e obtained results showed that the yield of essential oil of A. negrei was 1.2%. e highest percentage of essential oil of the genus Artemisia was recorded for Artemisia cana (1.3%) and Artemisia frigida (1.5%)
The essential oil yield of the aerial part of Artemisia absinthium, Artemisia biennis, Artemisia dracunculus, and Artemisia ludoviciana ranges from 0.3% to 0.5%, which is lower than that of A. negrei [28]. is yield can be considered important in comparison with some plants that are industrially exploited as a source of essential oils such as rose (0.1–0.35%), rosemary (1–2.5%), peppermint (0.5–1%), neroli (0.5–1%), lavender (0.8–2.8%), aniseed (1–3%), and thyme (2–2.75%) [29]
Summary
Artemisia negrei L. (A. negrei) is a medicinal and aromatic plant belonging to the family Asteraceae that is more widespread in the folded Middle Atlas Mountains, Morocco. Is study was run to investigate the phytochemical composition and antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities of Artemisia negrei L. essential oil. E antioxidant activity was evaluated using different methods including DPPH, β-carotene bleaching, and total antioxidant capacity. E antibacterial activity was tested vs multidrug-resistant bacteria including both Gram-negative and Grampositive using inhibition zones in agar media and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) bioassays. E latter was found to have promising antioxidant activity by all bioassays used such as DPPH, β-carotene bleaching, and total antioxidant capacity. E results obtained showed that our plant oils had potent antibacterial activity towards Gram-negative (E. coli 57, E. coli 97, K. pneumonia, and P. aeruginosa) and Gram-positive (S. aureus), so that the maximum inhibition zones and MIC values were around 18–37 mm and 3.25 to 12.5 mg/mL, respectively. E oil showed antifungal activity towards Candida albicans, Fusarium oxysporum, and Aspergillus Niger except for flavus species. Conclusion. e findings obtained in the work showed that A. negrei can serve as a valuable source of natural compounds that can be used as a new weapon to fight radical damage and resistant microbes
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