Abstract
Adipose tissue is the main source of adipokines and therefore serves not only as a storage organ, but also has an endocrine effect. Chemerin, produced mainly in adipocytes and liver, is a natural ligand for chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1), G-protein-coupled receptor 1 (GPR1) and C-C motif chemokine receptor-like 2 (CCRL2), which have been identified in many tissues and organs. The role of this protein is an active area of research, and recent analyses suggest that chemerin contributes to angiogenesis, adipogenesis, glucose homeostasis and energy metabolism. Many studies confirm that this molecule is associated with obesity in both children and adults. We conducted a systematic review of data from published studies evaluating chemerin in children with various disease entities. We searched PubMed to identify eligible studies published prior to February 2022. A total of 36 studies were selected for analysis after a detailed investigation, which was intended to leave only the research studies. Moreover, chemerin seems to play an important role in the development of cardiovascular and digestive diseases. The purpose of this review was to describe the latest advances in knowledge of the role of chemerin in the pathogenesis of various diseases from studies in pediatric patients. The mechanisms underlying the function of chemerin in various diseases in children are still being investigated, and growing evidence suggests that this adipokine may be a potential prognostic biomarker for a wide range of diseases.
Highlights
Adipose tissue is considered a storage organ, but is an endocrine organ due to the production of several cytokines
The mechanisms underlying the function of chemerin in various diseases in children are still being investigated, and growing evidence suggests that this adipokine may be a potential prognostic biomarker for a wide range of diseases
The role of chemerin is an active area of investigation, and recent studies suggest the role of chemerin in angiogenesis, adipogenesis, glucose homeostasis and energy metabolism [2,3]
Summary
Adipose tissue is considered a storage organ, but is an endocrine organ due to the production of several cytokines. Chemerin, is expressed in adipose tissue, and in the liver, female reproductive organs, adrenal glands, lungs, fibroblasts, chondrocytes, pancreas, kidney, epithelial cells and platelets [1]. The proteolytic processing of chemerin and its receptors has been described in detail, and we only mentioned it in this review to understand the purpose of this molecule’s use in clinical studies in children and adolescents. Chemerin was first described as tazarotene-induced gene 2 protein (TIG2) in patients with psoriasis; expression of this gene was intensified in patients treated with the antipsoriatic retinoic acid tazarotene [4]. Further studies revealed that the TIG2 gene product is a natural ligand for chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1, previously described as ChemR23)
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