Abstract
Hard cheeses in general require ripening periods longer than 9 months; thus, they are often made as large cheese wheels to allow for a consistent but slow maturation. Because of the long ripening period, hard cheeses have very low water content, develop strong taste and aroma, and are crumbly and dry, making them appropriate for grating. Industrial processing of hard cheeses can be very demanding, as it may require intense handwork for long periods, as well as good logistics (space) throughout the long ripening period. Parmigiano, Grana Padano, Pecorino, Cheddar, Gruyere, Emmental, and Mimolette are some of the most popular hard cheeses. Nutritionally, hard cheeses are rich in fat, protein, and minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, and sodium.
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