Abstract
Between 2016 and 2020, the Medical and Veterinary Entomology unit of the Institut Pasteur du Cambodge collected over 230,000 mosquitoes. Based on this sampling effort, a checklist of 290 mosquito species in Cambodia is presented. This is the first attempt to list the Culicidae fauna of the country. We report 49 species for the first time in Cambodia. The 290 species belong to 20 genera: Aedeomyia (1 sp.), Aedes (55 spp.), Anopheles (53 spp.), Armigeres (26 spp.), Coquillettidia (3 spp.), Culex (57 spp.), Culiseta (1 sp.), Ficalbia (1 sp.), Heizmannia (10 spp.), Hodgesia (3 spp.), Lutzia (3 spp.), Malaya (2 spp.), Mansonia (5 spp.), Mimomyia (7 spp.), Orthopodomyia (3 spp.), Topomyia (4 spp.), Toxorhynchites (4 spp.), Tripteroides (6 spp.), Uranotaenia (27 spp.), and Verrallina (19 spp.). The Cambodian Culicidae fauna is discussed in its Southeast Asian context. Forty-three species are reported to be of medical importance, and are involved in the transmission of pathogens.
Highlights
The Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS) is undergoing unprecedented demographic and environmental changes that threaten its ecosystem stability [109]
Along with historical data gathered in the literature, the list, distribution and bionomics of mosquitoes is presented hereafter
Study area and specimen collection. This checklist is based on the entomological prospections carried by the medical and veterinary entomology unit at the Institut Pasteur du Cambodge (IPC) between 2016 and 2020, and from available online databases
Summary
The Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS) is undergoing unprecedented demographic and environmental changes that threaten its ecosystem stability [109]. The sub-region is composed of six countries: China (Yunnan province and Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region), Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam and Cambodia. Cambodia, bordered by Thailand, Laos and Vietnam, is considered the lowland region of the GMS. The country hosts the largest freshwater lake in Southeast Asia: the Tonle Sap, characterised by an unusual hydrological regime. Due to the biannual flow reversal of the Tonle Sap river into the Mekong river, the lake can become four times larger in the rainy season than during the dry season. The lake covers up to three million hectares, making it one of the world’s largest wetland areas [76].
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