Checklist of Angiosperms in the Restingas of Pará state, Brazil, with comments on floristic affinities and phytophysiognomies

Wanderson Luis Da Silva E Silva,Ely Simone Cajueiro Gurgel,Dário Dantas Do Amaral,Maria De Nazaré Lima Do Carmo,Mônica Falcão Da Silva,João Ubiratan Moreira Dos Santos

doi:10.1590/2175-7860202172021

Wanderson Luis Da Silva E Silva, Ely Simone Cajueiro Gurgel + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202172021

Copy DOI

Abstract

Abstract Pará state has one of the longest coastal in Brazil. However, floristic surveys have been conducted in few regions and only one study has comprehensively evaluated the coastal flora of the state. The objective of this study was to create an updated and certified checklist of the angiosperms in the restingas of Pará. The list was made using literature, floristic and taxonomic revisions, herbaria specimens from HBRA, IAN, MFS and MG, and collections made between 2014 and 2018. Overall, 470 species, 279 genera and 92 families were recorded. Of this total, 11 species are new records for coastal Pará. The families with the greatest number of species are Fabaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, Myrtaceae, Rubiaceae, Asteraceae, Apocynaceae, Polygalaceae, Convolvulaceae and Melastomataceae, which correspond to 52% of the species. Cyperus, Eugenia, Rhynchospora, Eleocharis and Ipomoea are the most representative genera. For life forms, herbs and shrubs are predominant. Dune fields, restinga forest and herbaceous swamp are the phytophysiognomies with the greatest number of species. A comparison with restingas of northeastern Brazil showed that the flora surveyed is most similar to that of Maranhão, since many species of the Amazonian flora also occur in restingas in this state.

Highlights

70% of coastal Brazil is occupied by dune and restinga formations, which are discontinuous due to characteristics of the soil and topography (Rizzini 1979; Silva et al 2010)
A comparison with restingas of northeastern Brazil showed that the flora surveyed is most similar to that of Maranhão, since many species of the Amazonian flora occur in restingas in this state
The analysis of the flora of restingas of Pará indicates relatively low richness in relation to the coastal extension of the state, which is similar to the richness recorded in studies of restingas in states of the Northeast Region of Brazil when taking into account the differences in the length of the coastline of each state and the collection effort and inclusion criteria of the flora

Summary

Introduction

70% of coastal Brazil is occupied by dune and restinga formations, which are discontinuous due to characteristics of the soil and topography (Rizzini 1979; Silva et al 2010). According to Flora of Brazil 2020 (BFG 2015), the largest gap in the knowledge about the vegetation of the country is still in Amazonia. This includes restingas, which have been studied more in the Northeast (Almeida Jr. et al 2007, 2017; Zickel et al 2007; Silva et al 2008; Santos-Filho et al 2011, 2015; Oliveira et al 2014) and Southeast (Araújo et al 2009; Souza et al 2016) coastal regions of Brazil. In Pará, the main threats are the illegal extraction of material for civil construction, tourism and fire (Silva et al 2010; Amaral et al 2016)

Objectives

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion