Abstract
Chatbots like ChatGPT have the potential to produce more natural conversational user interface interactions. Yet, we currently know little about perceptions of ChatGPT as a dialogue partner, and if interaction changes these. Through an online, two-stage, mixed methods study conducted in July 2023, in which first-time and experienced users living in the UK or Ireland engaged in tasks with ChatGPT, we show that interaction improves attitudes towards the system for first-time users, while these attitudes are already positive and stable in experienced users. We further show that first-time users’ perceptions of ChatGPT’s communicative ability (competence, human-likeness, and flexibility) are more dynamic than those of experienced users, although the experienced users’ perceptions also peak post-interaction. When reflecting on their interaction experience with ChatGPT, both groups were positive with little mention of limitations. We discuss the implications of these findings for user perceptions of ChatGPT as a dialogue partner, and highlight the potential risks of uncritical adoption of such technology.
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