Abstract
We develop for charmed hadron production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions a comprehensive coalescence model that includes an extensive set of s and p-wave hadronic states as well as the strict energy-momentum conservation, which ensures the boost invariance of the coalescence probability and the thermal limit of the produced hadron spectrum. By combining our hadronization scheme with an advanced Langevin-hydrodynamics model that incorporates both elastic and inelastic energy loss of heavy quarks inside the dynamical quark-gluon plasma, we obtain a successful description of the pT-integrated and differential Λc/D0 and Ds/D0 ratios measured at RHIC and the LHC. We find that including the effect of radial flow of the medium is essential for describing the enhanced Λc/D0 ratio observed in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We also find that the puzzling larger Λc/D0 ratio observed in Au+Au collisions at RHIC than in Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC is due to the interplay between the effects of the QGP radial flow and the charm quark transverse momentum spectrum at hadronization. Our study further suggests that charmed hadrons have larger sizes in medium than in vacuum.
Highlights
Relativistic heavy-ion collisions provide a unique opportunity to study the properties of the color deconfined state of nuclear matter, known as the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) [1]
By combining our new hadronization approach with the Langevin-hydrodynamics model [40,41] that simulates elastic and inelastic energy loss of heavy quarks in a realistic QGP medium, we provide the first simultaneous description of the chemical compositions of charmed hadrons measured at both Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) and Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
We have found that the inclusion of p-wave states enhances the total coalescence probability of charm quarks
Summary
Relativistic heavy-ion collisions provide a unique opportunity to study the properties of the color deconfined state of nuclear matter, known as the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) [1]. There is a coalescence model that is based on the wave function projection and contains more detailed information about the hadron structure as compared to other approaches Such an approach was first introduced for understanding light nuclei production from the coalescence of nucleons [27,28,29,30] and later extensively applied to study the production of charmed hadrons and hadrons from jets from the coalescence of constituent quarks [31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39]. By combining our new hadronization approach with the Langevin-hydrodynamics model [40,41] that simulates elastic and inelastic energy loss of heavy quarks in a realistic QGP medium, we provide the first simultaneous description of the chemical compositions of charmed hadrons measured at both RHIC and LHC
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