Abstract
Abstract
Highlights
In Western Eurasia from 3500 cal BC, if not earlier, goods were mostly transported by heavy vehicles with disc wheels, pulled by bovids (Burmeister 2017: 69–71)
The absolute chronology and stratigraphy of the enclosed settlement of Kamennyj Ambar and its associated cemetery situate the entire Sintashta-Petrovka cultural complex in a sequence together with other Eastern European Middle Bronze Age communities (Molodin et al 2014; Krause et al 2019; Figure 4). These include, for example, the Abashevo Culture located to the west of the Urals, and sites in western Siberia attributed to the Eurasian Seima-Turbino phenomenon (Marchenko et al 2017: 1393)
This article has evaluated the available radiocarbon dates from the Southern Trans-Urals region in order to explore the hypothesis that the region was a possible centre of technological innovation
Summary
In Western Eurasia from 3500 cal BC, if not earlier, goods were mostly transported by heavy vehicles with disc wheels, pulled by bovids (Burmeister 2017: 69–71). The absolute chronology and stratigraphy of the enclosed settlement of Kamennyj Ambar and its associated cemetery situate the entire Sintashta-Petrovka cultural complex (twenty-first to eighteenth centuries BC) in a sequence together with other Eastern European Middle Bronze Age communities (Molodin et al 2014; Krause et al 2019; Figure 4) These include, for example, the Abashevo Culture located to the west of the Urals, and sites in western Siberia attributed to the Eurasian Seima-Turbino phenomenon (Marchenko et al 2017: 1393). The appearance of A2b- and B2-type oval cheekpieces (type B = with replaceable spikes) in the southern Sintashta SM group indicates recent and evolved types of horse-bits (Teufer 1999: 107; Figure 5: burial 30) These typological combinations can be compared with other Sintashta cemeteries and assemblages from contemporaneous sites of the closely related Abashevo and Potapovka Cultures found to the west of the Ural Mountains. Following Teufer (1999: 107, fig. 27), it is likely that both groups of graves originated independently: first the older burials in the north (early phase), followed by later graves (late phase) in the south
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