Abstract
We use inverse photoelectron spectroscopy (IPES) and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) to investigate unoccupied and occupied electronic states of five organic semiconductor materials: CuPc (copper phthalocyanine), PTCDA (3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride), α-6T ( α-sexithiophene), α-NPD (N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis(l-naphthyl)-l,l′ biphenyl-4,4′′ diamine), and Alq 3 (tris(8-hydroxy-quinoline)aluminum). The transport gap, E t, is the difference between the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals, measured via UPS and IPES. The charge separation energy, or exciton binding energy, is the difference between E t and the optical gap, E opt, measured via absorption. E t- E opt in these correlated materials ranges from 0.4 to1.4 eV.
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