Abstract
We consider nearly equal number of gauge mediation type charged (anti-) Q-balls with charge of ±α−1 ≃ ±137 well before the BBN epoch and discussed how they evolve in time. We found that ion-like objects with electric charges of +O(1) are likely to become relics in the present universe, which we expect to be the dark matter. These are constrained by MICA experiment, where the trail of heavy atom-like or ion-like object in 109 years old ancient mica crystals is not observed. We found that the allowed region for gauge mediation model parameter and reheating temperature have to be smaller than the case of the neutral Q-ball dark matter.
Highlights
Affleck-Dine mechanism [1] is a promising candidate for baryogenesis based on supersymmetric (SUSY) theories due to its consistency with the observational bound on reheating temperature which avoids the gravitino problem [2]
A gauge mediation type Q-ball [20] is formed if Vgauge dominates the potential after the AD field starts the oscillation
We roughly estimate when the recombination occurs for positively charged Q-balls and negatively charged anti-Q-balls, and discuss whether they become neutral or charged eventually, so that we can identify the final relics in the present universe
Summary
Affleck-Dine mechanism [1] is a promising candidate for baryogenesis based on supersymmetric (SUSY) theories due to its consistency with the observational bound on reheating temperature which avoids the gravitino problem [2]. In our previous work [8], we focused on gauge mediation type Q-balls that carry both baryon and lepton charges which can be formed after the Affleck-Dine baryogenesis with ucucdcec flat direction, for instance. We found that it is possible for the Q-balls to be electrically charged, which we call charged or gauged Q-balls [9], due to the decay into charged leptons, until the electric charge becomes α−1 137. We find that the constraint translates into that on gauge mediation model parameter and reheating temperature
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