Abstract
Two of the main problems in the radiation damage in metals are the mechanisms of formation and the identification of defects that are produced due to the displacement of atoms from their regular lattice sites.We are concerned here with the class of those defects that can be observed by transmission electron microscopy of thin films. At present this includes those clusters of vacancies and interstitials that are larger than about 10Å in diameter and smaller than the film thickness (≈1000 Å).Thin expitaxially grown single-crystalline metal films have the advantage that the specimens can be observed before and after irradiation without being disturbed other than by the irradiation. Films of different orientations offer the possibility to study the anisotropy of the defects themselves as well as the anisotropies of the production of defects by a collimated beam of charged particles. Most important however is the use of thin films in the study of the energy dependence in irradiations with heavy charged particles in order to minimize the energy loss in the foil.
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