Abstract
Systems with the quantum numbers of up to twelve charged and neutral pseudoscalar mesons, as well as one-, two-, and three-nucleon systems, are studied using dynamical lattice quantum chromodynamics and quantum electrodynamics (QCD+QED) calculations and effective field theory. QED effects on hadronic interactions are determined by comparing systems of charged and neutral hadrons after tuning the quark masses to remove strong isospin breaking effects. A non-relativistic effective field theory, which perturbatively includes finite-volume Coulomb effects, is analyzed for systems of multiple charged hadrons and found to accurately reproduce the lattice QCD+QED results. QED effects on charged multi-hadron systems beyond Coulomb photon exchange are determined by comparing the two- and three-body interaction parameters extracted from the lattice QCD+QED results for charged and neutral multi-hadron systems.
Highlights
The interplay between the strong and electromagnetic (EM) interactions of the Standard Model is subtle but central to the complexity of visible matter
Analogous effective field theory (EFT) results for charged multihadron systems are needed to extract hadronic scattering information from LQCD þ QEDL results for multihadron finite volume (FV) energy levels, but EFT for charged multihadron systems is complicated by the presence of Coulomb interactions that are nonperturbative for hadron pairs with sufficiently small relative momentum as discussed below
Calculations were performed in two lattice volumes with chargedependent quark masses tuned such that strong isospin breaking effects are negligible and energy differences between charged and neutral systems are primarily quantum electrodynamics (QED) effects
Summary
The interplay between the strong and electromagnetic (EM) interactions of the Standard Model is subtle but central to the complexity of visible matter. Equation (1) indicates that Coulomb effects can be treated perturbatively in current and future LQCD þ QEDL calculations over a wide range of volumes and in particular for systems with L ∼ 1=ðαMÞ, where the Bohr radius is commensurate with the volume This scaling differs from that suggested in Ref. An approximate SUð3Þ flavor symmetry is realized by tuning the quark mass parameters such that the connected flavor-neutral pseudoscalar mesons are degenerate As it is inspired by Dashen’s theorem [50], this prescription for separating strong and electromagnetic effects is known as the “Dashen scheme” [4].
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