Abstract
AbstractThe effects of various ambient gases (N2, O2, H2O) to the electron mobility of tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum, Alq3, were examined. For a clean Alq3, the electron transport is non-dispersive and essentially trap-free as revealed by optical time-of-flight measurements. At 295K, the electron mobility (μe) spans the range 0.2-1×10−6cm2V−1s−1 when the field varies from 0.4-0.9 MV cm−1. Exposing the sample to oxygen dosages in the range 1-100 Torr.s does not cause any noticeable changes in μe. The effect of oxygen on μe can be observed only at much higher oxygen dosages (>105 Torr.s). In contrast, exposing pristine Alq3 to moisture of same dosages causes a gradual reduction in μe by a factor of 4. It is proposed that oxygen diffuses into Alq3 during exposure and subsequently acts as charge scattering centers for externally injected free electrons. On the other hand, water induces charge traps at high dosages. Moisture control appears to be the most critical factor for the long-term operation of Alq3-based organic light-emitting diodes.
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