Charge Regulation of Polyelectrolyte Gels: Swelling Transition

Abstract

We study the effects of charge-regulated acid/base equilibrium on the swelling of polyelectrolyte gels by considering a combination of the Poisson–Boltzmann theory and a two-site charge-regulation model based on the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. By exploring the volume change as a function of salt concentration for both nanogels and microgels, we identify conditions where the gel volume exhibits a discontinuous swelling transition. This transition is driven exclusively by the charge-regulation mechanism and is characterized by a closed-loop phase diagram. Our predictions can be tested experimentally for polypeptide gels.