Abstract
Charge flow and valence/d-band behavior in ion-beam-mixed (IBM) Pd 1− x Ag x ( x = 0.5–0.9) alloys have been studied by X-ray photoemission measurement of the valence bands and of core-level binding energy shifts and X-ray absorption near-edge structure. We correlated the observed Ag 3d 5 2 core-level shifts in these IBM alloys, relative to the elemental Ag, with the White Line area changes at the Pd and Ag L 3-edge to investigate the charge redistribution at the Ag site. The results indicate that there is a decrease in sp-like conduction electron and a negligible change in the number of d-electrons at the Ag site upon alloying. These results are in line with our previous results in which Pd gains d-charges and loses sp-type charges. This electron redistribution due to hybridization in the alloy leads small net charge transfer from the Ag site to the Pd site in accordance with electronegativity predictions. This result is consistent with the result of recent theoretical calculation of Lu et al. using the “special-quasi-random-structure” (SQS) concept in which Ag loses mainly sp-charge while Pd gains d-charge in forming the PdAg alloy.
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