Abstract
Abstract The FOOT (FragmentatiOn Of Target) experiment is an international project designed to carry out the fragmentation cross-sectional measurements relevant for charged particle therapy (CPT), a technique based on the use of charged particle beams for the treatment of deep-seated tumors. The FOOT detector consists of an electronic setup for the identification of Z ≥ 3 Z\ge 3 fragments and an emulsion spectrometer for Z ≤ 3 Z\le 3 fragments. The first data taking was performed in 2019 at the GSI facility (Darmstadt, Germany). In this study, the charge identification of fragments induced by exposing an emulsion detector, embedding a C 2 H 4 {{\rm{C}}}_{2}{{\rm{H}}}_{4} target, to an oxygen ion beam of 200 MeV/n is discussed. The charge identification is based on the controlled fading of nuclear emulsions in order to extend their dynamic range in the ionization response.
Highlights
Charged particles therapy (CPT) is an established therapy for cancer treatment
Target fragmentation plays a key role as low-energy secondary fragments contribute to increment the dose deposition in normal tissues along the entrance channel and in the region surrounding the tumor
The FragmentatiOn Of Target (FOOT) experiment [6,7] has been proposed to measure the target fragmentation induced by a proton beam in the human tissues in the energy range relevant for therapeutic applications (150–250 MeV for protons and 200–400 MeV/n for carbon ions)
Summary
Charged particles therapy (CPT) is an established therapy for cancer treatment. The advantages of CPT are due to the energy release occurring mainly at the end of the particle’s path, in the Bragg peak region, and to the Section of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy Graziano Bruni, Alberto Mengarelli, Marco Selvi, Roberto Spighi: INFN Section of Bologna, Bologna, Italy Alberto Clozza, Enzo Iarocci, Martina Laurenza, Claudio Sanelli, Eleuterio Spiriti, Sandro Tomassini: INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy Sofia Colombi, Chiara La Tessa, Francesco Tommasino: Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (TIFPA-INFN), Trento, Italy; Department of Physics, University of Trento, Trento, Italy Micol De Simoni, Riccardo Faccini, Gaia Franciosini: INFN Section of Roma 1, Rome, Italy; Department of Physics, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy Antonia Di Crescenzo, Antonio Iuliano, Adele Lauria, Giovanni De Lellis: Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University of Napoli, Napoli, Italy; INFN Section of Napoli, Napoli, Italy Marco Donetti: Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica (CNAO), Pavia, Italy; INFN Section of Torino, Torino, Italy Yunsheng Dong: INFN Section of Milano, Milano, Italy; Department of Physics, University of Milano, Milano, Italy Marco Durante: Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany; Technische Universität Darmstadt Institut für Festkörperphysik, Darmstadt, Germany Emanuele Fiandrini, Gianluigi Silvestre: INFN Section of Perugia, Perugia, Italy; Department of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy Christian Finck, Alexandre Sécher, Marie Vanstalle: Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7871, F-67000Strasbourg, France Marta Fischetti, Vincenzo Patera, Angelo Schiavi: INFN Section of Roma 1, Rome, Italy; Department of Scienze di Base e Applicate per l’Ingegneria (SBAI), University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy Luca Galli, Aafke Christine Kraan, Andrea Moggi, Fabrizio Raffaelli: INFN Section of Pisa, Pisa, Italy enhanced biological effectiveness of hadron beams, measured in terms of the relative biological effectiveness (RBE). The fragmentation of carbon ions (400 MeV/n) in a polycarbonate target was studied in 2011 to determine the charge-changing cross-sections by exploiting the nuclear emulsion technology [5]. In this framework, the FragmentatiOn Of Target (FOOT) experiment [6,7] has been proposed to measure the target fragmentation induced by a proton beam in the human tissues in the energy range relevant for therapeutic applications (150–250 MeV for protons and 200–400 MeV/n for carbon ions). The method for the charge identification is based on an established technique already performed in previous studies [8,9,10], consisting of a controlled fading of nuclear emulsions by means of different thermal treatments that extend the emulsion response to a broader range and make them sensitive to particles with different ionization power and charge
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