Charge fractionalization beyond the Luttinger liquid paradigm: An analytical consideration

Abstract

In this paper, we consider analytically the density evolution of a spinless Fermi liquid with a nonlinear dispersion relation into which one particle is injected. The interaction is point-like and the temperature is zero. We obtain a formula for the evolution of the density and discuss the picture it gives as well as the physics behind it. Compared to the case of a linear spectrum, we find further and more complex fractionalization of the initial density hump: it splits into three humps instead of two, moreover, all three change their shapes in a complicated manner. We analyze the mechanisms of these phenomena and calculate their main characteristics. We also show that the fractionalization can be illustrated from a semiclassical point of view.