Abstract
Experimental charge exchange and energy loss data for the transmission of slow highly charged Xe ions through ultrathin polymeric carbon membranes are presented. Surprisingly, two distinct exit charge state distributions accompanied by charge exchange dependent energy losses are observed. The energy loss for ions exhibiting large charge loss shows a quadratic dependency on the incident charge state indicating that equilibrium stopping force values do not apply in this case. Additional angle resolved transmission measurements point on a significant contribution of elastic energy loss. The observations show that regimes of different impact parameters can be separated and thus a particle's energy deposition in an ultrathin solid target may not be described in terms of an averaged energy loss per unit length.
Highlights
Modern approaches in ion and electron irradiation of solids such as nano-structuring of thin films or even structuring of free-standing monolayers such as graphene [1,2,3] or MoS2 [4, 5] rely on models for structural and electronic defect formation
We show that the energy loss and charge exchange of ions in very thin films, such as 2D-materials, show significant differences to solids with reduced thickness
We report on measurements of kinetic energy loss and charge loss of slow highly charged Xe ions transmitted through 1 nm carbon nanomembranes (CNM)
Summary
Modern approaches in ion and electron irradiation of solids such as nano-structuring of thin films or even structuring of free-standing monolayers such as graphene [1,2,3] or MoS2 [4, 5] rely on models for structural and electronic defect formation. For carbon foils with larger thicknesses of 5 and 10 nm Schenkel et al found evidence for a charge state dependent stopping force, whereas the total increase was reported to be small (factor 1.5) [31,32,33] for ions at about 2 keV/amu.
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