Charge Conservation and the Shape of the Ridge of Two-Particle Correlations in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions

Abstract

We demonstrate that, in the framework of the event-by-event hydrodynamics followed by statistical hadronization, the proper charge conservation in the mechanism of hadron production provides the crucial nonflow component and leads to agreement with the two-dimensional two-particle correlation data in relative azimuthal angle and pseudorapidity at soft transverse momenta (p(T)<2 GeV). The falloff of the same-side ridge in relative pseudorapidity follows from the fact that a pair of particles with balanced charges is emitted from the same fluid element, whose collective velocity collimates the momenta of the pair. We reproduce basic experimental features of the two-dimensional correlation function, such as the dependence on the relative charge and centrality, as well as the related charge balance functions and the harmonic flow coefficients as functions of the relative pseudorapidity.