CHARAKTERYSTYKA WYBRANYCH TESTÓW JEZDNYCH STOSOWANYCH W BADANIACH EMISJI ZANIECZYSZCZEŃ W SPALINACH SILNIKOWYCH SAMOCHODÓW OSOBOWYCH

Abstract

The manufacturing process for new passenger vehicles is based not only on their design and manufacture, but also on validation and testing, especially in the area of exhaust emissions. The car manufacturer is obliged to approve the type of each new model in accordance with the regulations. The regulation associated with the relevant directive includes a number of requirements, including the emissions of pollutants in the exhaust gas, which are imposed on newly manufactured vehicles. Along with the development of the automotive industry, more and more attention has been paid to the pollution that forms in the internal combustion engines of vehicles. The European Union has introduced standards known as “EURO” to define emission limits for the main pollutants in exhaust gases. The tests are carried out for all passenger cars in the same way: on a dynamometer, in a climatic chamber (with the possibility of temperature adjustment) and in accordance with a certain driving cycle. Road tests are designed to check fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. In September 2017, a new procedure was introduced called the World Harmonized Light Vehicle Test Procedure (WLTP), which includes several driving cycles called WLTC. The introduction of the new test was driven by the very dynamic development in the automotive industry of hybrid and electric vehicles. The previous NEDC test did not take into account several important parameters such as motor power or drive type. Due to the different specifics of road traffic in the United States, their own road tests were developed, in contrast to European ones. Tests are conducted in accordance with FTP-75 (Federal Testing Procedure). The test parameters take into account driving stability and engine operating conditions, on which the values of pollutant emissions in the exhaust gases depend. Due to the difference in laboratory driving cycles, according to traffic conditions, the values of pollutant emissions in the exhaust gases during road tests differ from those provided by the manufacturers. The article compares the characteristic test parameters according to WLTC, NEDC, American FTP-75 cycles (with additions SC03 and US06) and own road driving cycle in the Rzeszow region. Based on the analysis carried out, it was established that laboratory tests will never 100% reflect those driving conditions and driving on the road. However, the WLTC test has the advantage of being more realistic. Its high average ride speeds, longer stops, long distance traveled and higher top speed are more realistic than the NEDC test. KEY WORDS: VEHICLE TESTING, EFFECTIVE Emissions, WORLD HARMONIZED PASSENGER VEHICLE TEST PROCEDURE, NEW EUROPEAN DRIVING CYCLE, FEDERAL TESTING PROCEDURE.