Abstract
A new CALIPSO satellite retrieval for cirrus clouds has been developed over the last 1.5 years that retrieves ice particle number concentration, effective diameter, and ice water content.&#160; It compares favorably with in situ measurements from many field campaigns around the world.&#160; This talk would briefly describe the new method targeting single-layer cirrus clouds and focus on new findings resulting from this retrieval, relating them to climate model predictions.&#160; These results indicate that there are two types or categories of cirrus clouds.&#160; Type 1 cirrus appear to form through heterogeneous ice nucleation (het), have visible optical depths < 0.3, and are most abundant; they are what most people visualize as a &#8220;cirrus cloud&#8221;.&#160; Type 2 cirrus may form through a combination of het and homogeneous ice nucleation, have visible optical depths > 0.3 (with visible extinction coefficients typically 4 times greater than type 1 cirrus), and are often associated with warm fronts, orographic gravity waves, and other lifting processes.&#160; However, type 2 cirrus clouds constitute 76% to 88% (depending on latitude) of the estimated net cloud radiative effect of all cirrus clouds.&#160; Based on comparisons between retrieved and predicted ice particle number concentrations and effective diameters, these type 2 cirrus clouds are poorly represented in climate models, possibly partly due to the predicted dependence of ice nucleation on layer-average pre-existing ice (not realistic near cloud top where ice nucleation occurs).&#160; Predicted ice nuclei concentrations may also need revising.&#160;
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