Abstract
BackgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is among the most pressing One Health issues. While interventions and policies with various targets and goals have been implemented, evidence about factors underpinning success and failure of interventions in different sectors is lacking. The objective of this study is to identify characteristics of AMR interventions that increase their capacity to impact AMR. This study focuses on AMR interventions targeting E. coli.MethodsWe used the AMR-Intervene framework to extract descriptions of the social and ecological systems of interventions to determine factors contributing to their success.ResultsWe identified 52 scientific publications referring to 42 unique E. coli AMR interventions. We mainly identified interventions implemented in high-income countries (36/42), at the national level (16/42), targeting primarily one sector of society (37/42) that was mainly the human sector (25/42). Interventions were primarily funded by governments (38/42). Most intervention targeted a low leverage point in the AMR system, (36/42), and aimed to change the epidemiology of AMR (14/42). Among all included publications, 55% (29/52) described at least one success factor or obstacle (29/52) and 19% (10/52) identified at least one success factor and one obstacle. Most reported success factors related to communication between the actors and stakeholders and the role of media, and stressed the importance of collaboration between disciplines and external partners. Described obstacles covered data quality, access to data and statistical analyses, and the validity of the results.ConclusionsOverall, we identified a lack of diversity regarding interventions. In addition, most published E. coli interventions were poorly described with limited evidence of the factors that contributed to the intervention success or failure. Design and reporting guidelines would help to improve reporting quality and provide a valuable tool for improving the science of AMR interventions.
Highlights
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is among the most pressing One Health issues
From the 52 publications selected for this review, 42 different E. coli AMR interventions were identified, with four interventions mentioned in two to five papers (Additional file 3, Additional file 2: Table S1 and Additional file 3: Figure S1)
Based on the qualitative scoring system used in the AMR-Intervene framework, most interventions were poorly described; 28 documents provided insufficient detail, 11 only provided minimal details, and 3 did not provide any assessment of the intervention they described (Fig. 1)
Summary
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is among the most pressing One Health issues. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a pressing global issue in human and animal health and is frequently included as a priority in political agendas at national and international levels. Efforts are being made to develop a One Health approach by integrating AMR and AMU data from several sectors [7, 8]. Some integrated programmes have identified several different actions that, when implemented together, increase the potential for successful reduction of AMR [9]. All these efforts are reflected in the growing number of interventions being reported in the literature
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