Abstract
Abstract In 2001, Droubay, Justin, and Pirillo studied the so-called standard episturmian words. In 2006 and 2007, Fischler defined another type of words in the framework of simultaneous diophantine approximation. Both classes of words were described in terms of palindromic prefixes of infinite words. In 2003, the authors introduced words which they called extremal FW words after they had met so-called FW words later. Words from both classes appeared as unique words (up to word isomorphism) satisfying certain properties related to periods. In the present paper the connections between all these words are displayed in the form of four comparable characterizations of the four mentioned word classes.
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