Abstract
Catalysts based on TiCl3, modified by ethers, were prepared by different methods. Using di-n-butyl ether (DBE) as an internal base, complexes were formed in one-step reaction, either with TiCl4 and diethylaluminum chloride (DEAC) in iso-octane solution (System A) or with triethylaluminum (TEA) in toluene solution (System B). Diisoamyl ether (DIAE) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) were used as internal bases for the β-TiCl3 treatment during a three-step synthesis (System C). DIAE was also complexed with DEAC in a one-step synthesis in toluene solution (System D) or in iso-octane solution (System E). While the use of DIAE in the three-step synthesis has mainly led to the formation of γ-TiCl3 (System C), the use of DIAE in the one-step synthesis led to a highly active and stereospecific β-TiCl3 (Systems D and E). The type of solvent employed in systems A and B had a strong influence on the properties of the catalyst. Possible causes for the formation of different crystalline structures of TiCl3 are discussed by comparing the different routes of the TiCl3 synthesis.
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