Abstract
Wood-fiber phenol-formaldehyde-resin (PFR) modified surfaces, obtained from the adsorption of a PFR/water solution, are investigated as a function of the nature and the amount of PFR adsorbed. Surface are measurements are performed by using krypton adsorption at 77 K. Chemical modification is monitored by the electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) technique and the surface energy by the inverse phase gas chromatography (IPGC) method at infinite dilution. The London dispersive componentγ S L of the surface energy shows a relationship to the concentration of carbon and oxgen at the fiber surface.γ S L increases from 27.5 mN·m−1 for the untreated fiber to 42.5 mN·m−1 for the fibers treated with 20% high molecular-weight-grade phenol-formaldehyde. The surface atomic ratio O/C determined using the ESCA technique exhibits a decrease from 44% for untreated to 31% for treated samples. Surface area also decreases from 2.09 m2/g to 1.50 m2/g. The PFR adsorbed by wood fibers is observed as the dispersive component of surface energy starts to increase, as the surface oxygen concentration decreases, and on the surface area of the wood fiber.
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