Abstract
Volatile components in jujube fruits from Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Dongzao (DZ) and Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Jinsixiaozao (JS) were analyzed under different cold storage periods via headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS). Results identified 53 peaks that corresponded to 47 compounds and were mostly alcohols, aldehydes, esters, and ketones. Differences in the volatile components of jujube fruits were revealed in topographic plots and fingerprints. For DZ, 3-pentanone was the characteristic component of fresh fruits. After storage for 15 days, dipropyl disulfide became the most special substance. Moreover, when stored for 30 and 45 days, the fruits had some same volatile components, like 2-pentyl furan and diallyl sulfide. However, for DZ stored for 60 days, esters were the prominent constituent of the volatile components, simultaneously, some new alcohols appeared. For JS, 2-ethyl furan was the representative of fresh fruits, and 2-butoxyethanol content was the most abundant after 15 and 30 days of storage. Different from that in DZ, the content of ester in JS increased after storage for 45 days. Substances such as amyl acetate dimer, methyl salicylate, and linalool greatly contributed to the jujube flavor during the late storage period. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that fresh samples and refrigerated fruits were effectively distinguished. Heat map clustering analysis displayed the similarity of volatile components in different samples and was in accordance with PCA results. Hence, the volatile components of jujube fruits can be readily identified via HS-GC-IMS, and jujube fruits can be classified at different periods based on the difference of volatile components.
Highlights
IntroductionChina and is distributed worldwide, in places such as Asia, northern Africa, southern Europe, the Middle East, and the southwestern USA
Jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill) tree belongs to the Rhamnaceae family, which is indigenous toChina and is distributed worldwide, in places such as Asia, northern Africa, southern Europe, the Middle East, and the southwestern USA
47 volatile compounds were identified in jujube fruits at different storage periods at 4 ◦ C via HS-GC-Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS)
Summary
China and is distributed worldwide, in places such as Asia, northern Africa, southern Europe, the Middle East, and the southwestern USA This tree has a history of more than 4000 years, with over. Phytochemical analytical studies showed that jujube fruits are rich in nutrients, including fiber, sugars, organic acids, amino acids, vitamins, and trace minerals [4]. They contain high levels of functional components, such as polysaccharides, triterpene acids, phenolics, and cyclic nucleotides, which exhibit multiple health-promoting properties, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and liver protection [5,6,7,8,9]. Cold storage is a common means of delaying the deterioration of quality and prolonging shelf-life effectively, which can affect the physicochemical properties of jujube fruits
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