Characterization of Volatile and Flavonoid Composition of Different Cuts of Dried Onion (Allium cepa L.) by HS-SPME-GC-MS, HS-SPME-GC×GC-TOF and HPLC-DAD.

Lorenzo Cecchi,Pamela Vignolini,Nadia Mulinacci,Annalisa Romani,Francesca Ieri

doi:10.3390/molecules25020408

Lorenzo Cecchi, Pamela Vignolini + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25020408

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Abstract

Onion is widely used worldwide in various forms for both food and medicinal applications, thanks to its high content of phytonutrients, such as flavonoids and volatile sulfur compounds. Fresh onion is very perishable and drying is widely applied for extending shelf-life, thus obtaining a very easy-to-use functional food ingredient. The flavonoid and volatile fractions of different onion cuts (flakes, rings) prepared through different drying cycles in a static oven, were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector HPLC-DAD, Head Space-Solid Phase Micro Extraction followed by Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and Head-Space Solid Phase Micro Extraction followed by comprehensive two-dimensional Gas-Chromatography (HS-SPME-GC×GC-TOF). Onion flakes showed a significantly higher flavonoid content (3.56 mg g−1) than onion rings (2.04 mg g−1). Onion flakes showed greater amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (127.26 mg g−1) than onion rings (42.79 mg g−1), with different relative amounts of di- and trisulfides—disulfides largely predominate the volatile fraction (amounts over 60% on the total volatile content), followed by trisulfides and dipropyl disulfide and dipropyl trisulfide were the most abundant VOCs. HS-SPME-GC×GC-TOF allowed for the detection of the presence of allylthiol, diethanol sulfide, 4,6-diethyl1,2,3,5-tetrathiolane, not detected by HS-SPME-GC-MS, and provided a fast and direct visualization and comparison of different samples. These results highlight different nutraceutical properties of dried onion samples processed otherwise, only differing in shape and size, thus pointing out potentially different uses as functional ingredients.

Highlights

IntroductionAmong these species, onion (Allium cepa L.) is widely used in various forms all over the world as part of the international cuisine, in food processing and in traditional medicine [2]
Allium is the larger genus of the Alliaceae family, with approx. 450 species [1]
Two different kinds of dried onion samples were obtained by drying different cuts of Emilia Romagna’s white onion (Allium cepa L.) in a static oven at 40 ◦ C

Summary

Introduction

Among these species, onion (Allium cepa L.) is widely used in various forms all over the world as part of the international cuisine, in food processing and in traditional medicine [2]. Onion (Allium cepa L.) is widely used in various forms all over the world as part of the international cuisine, in food processing and in traditional medicine [2] It has been cultivated for more than 4000 years, with USA, China, Turkey, Russia and Egypt as the main producers [3]. Onionbut is very the usefulness of consuming dried onions in preventing viral infections, coronary hearth diseases, perishable and the postharvest action of enzymes as pectin methylesterase and polygalatturonase cataract and disturbances the gastrointestinal tract haveshelf beenlife, described [1,9]. In the powdered form, dried onion could be a very easy-to-use functional food and domestic uses, thanks to several characteristics meeting the consumers’ expectations ingredient [12]

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