Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus was isolated from the internal organs of diseased sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) cultured in a marine cage farm and an inshore fish farm in the summer 2010. All strains isolated from diseased sea bass were tested for virulence by intraperitoneal injection. The isolates (n = 6) were pathogenic for sea bass. Only bacterial strains showing haemolytic activity were virulent. LD50 values ranged from 3.52 × 104 to 2.29 × 106 cfu fish−1. In this study, we report the characterization and the virulence of V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from sea bass originating from two different fish farms (marine cage farm and inshore fish farm in Tunisia).
Highlights
In the inner area of the Sea of Ariake, rearing experiments were conducted to examine how the survival rates of juveniles of three bivalve species (Anadara kagoshimensis, Ruditapes philippinarum, Atrina sp.) vary among sea areas and heights above the seabed
Juvenile A. kagoshimensis are likely to survive somewhat better near the mouth of the bay than in the inner area of the bay (Nakamuta et al 2013) and in the water column compared to the seabed since the juveniles on spat collectors in the water column seem to survive better than the juveniles dropped from the collectors onto the seabed (Masaki and Onohara 2009)
Experimental design and replication differed among the three experimental runs, the patterns of horizontal and vertical variations in survival rates were similar among the runs in that the variations were great for only Atrina sp. in survival rates, as follows
Summary
In the inner area of the Sea of Ariake, rearing experiments were conducted to examine how the survival rates of juveniles of three bivalve species (Anadara kagoshimensis, Ruditapes philippinarum, Atrina sp.) vary among sea areas and heights above the seabed. Koga and Aramaki 2013; Ito 2017; Ministry of the Environment 2017; see ‘‘Materials and methods’’ for the taxonomic problems with Atrina sp.) To restore these bivalve resources, it is necessary to elucidate how and why their densities vary spatially and temporally. The abundance of marine animals is in general strongly affected by the survival rate during their juvenile stage (e.g., Begon et al 2006; Broitman et al 2008; Haddon 2011) This relationship is presented for A. kagoshimensis (Masaki and Onohara 2009), R. philippinarum (Nasu et al 2008), and Atrina sp. The survival rates of juveniles of these bivalves in the Sea of Ariake are likely to vary horizontally (i.e., among sea areas) and vertically (i.e., between the seabed and water column). Juvenile Atrina sp. were found to survive better in the east peripheral area (Suzuki et al 2009) and in the water column than on the seabed (Matoba et al 2016)
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