Abstract
Cellulose is a widespread renewable natural polymer that is most appropriate for the preparation of various types of nanomaterials. Being a typical nanostructured polymer, cellulose contains nanofibrils, nanocrystallites, paracrystalline nanolayers, and amorphous nanodomains, which allow the production of various kinds of nanomaterials: cellulose nanofibrils, cellulose nanocrystals, particles of amorphous nanocellulose, and cellulose nanoyarn. Besides, bacterial nanocellulose is a natural source of biosynthesized cellulose nanofibrils. In this chapter, the modern methods of structural investigations of various kinds of nanocellulose are described. To characterize the structure of nanocellulose (NC), the main structural characteristics such as dimensions, shape, aspect ratio, specific surface area, charge, parameters of crystalline structure, purity, and DP should be determined. The effect of structural characteristics of NC of various kinds on their chemical, physicochemical, and physicomechanical properties is discussed. Furthermore, specific structural features and properties of the nanocellulose kinds are shown.
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