Characterization of various acrylate based artificial teeth for denture fabrication

Nawshad Muhammad,Zenab Sarfraz,Abdur Rahim,Pervaiz Ahmad,Abdulraheem S A Almalki,Saad Liaqat,Muhammad Sohail Zafar,Abdullah Alsubaie,Mayeen Uddin Khandaker

doi:10.1007/s10856-022-06645-8

Abstract

Acrylic resins-based artificial teeth are frequently used for the fabrication of dentures has and contribute a very strong share in the global market. However, the scientific literature reporting the comparative analysis data of various artificial teeth is scarce. Focusing on that, the present study investigated various types of commercially available artificial teeth, composed of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Artificial teeth are characterized for chemical analysis, morphological features, thermal analysis, and mechanical properties (surface hardness, compressive strength). Different types of artificial teeth showed distinct mechanical (compression strength, Vickers hardness) and thermal properties (thermal gravimetric analysis) which may be attributed to the difference in the content of PMMA and type and quantity of different fillers in their composition. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results exhibited that vinyl end groups of PMMA degraded above 200 °C, whereas 340–400 °C maximum degradation temperature was measured by differential thermal analysis (DTA) for all samples. Crisma brand showed the highest compressive strength and young modulus (88.6 MPa and 1654 MPa) while the lowest value of Vickers hardness was demonstrated by Pigeon and Vital brands. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs showed that Crisma, Pigeon, and Vital exhibited characteristics of a brittle fracture; however, Artis and Well bite brands contained elongated voids on their surfaces. According to the mechanical analysis and SEM data, Well bite teeth showed a significantly higher mechanical strength compared to other groups. However, no considerable difference was observed in Vickers hardness of all groups.Graphical abstract

Highlights

Acrylic resins have been used to fabricate artificial teeth for prosthetic rehabilitation of edentulous patients using removable dentures [1, 2]
Focusing on the current market scenario of artificial teeth, the current study provides a platform for technical information and future research gap related to polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) based artificial teeth considering that the scientific literature reporting the comparative analysis data of various artificial teeth is scarce
The deference in the residues might be attributed to either the proportion of inorganic fillers or related to the curing of the samples. These findings suggested that manufactures have added different types and proportions of inorganic fillers to PMMA artificial teeth to control their properties

Summary

Introduction

Acrylic resins have been used to fabricate artificial teeth for prosthetic rehabilitation of edentulous patients using removable dentures [1, 2]. While choosing the artificial teeth for denture fabrication, physical and mechanical properties are of the utmost importance for the dental team and for the elderly patients who would be using the dentures. To restore the functional capabilities, the artificial teeth should have good mechanical properties (elastic modulus, microhardness, and wear resistance) to assure longevity and withstand the masticatory forces without failure. Lack of sufficient mechanical properties would result in loss of posterior tooth support, loss of masticatory efficiency [5], loss of vertical dimension of occlusion, fatigue of masticatory muscles, alterations in the functional path of masticatory movement [6], faulty tooth relationship, and temporomandibular dysfunction. Good wetting characteristics of the artificial tooth are important because materials with different surface energies have distinct wettability [7]

Methods

Results

Conclusion