Abstract
Copper rods with ultrafine-grained microstructure, obtained by multi-turn ECAP processing, were subjected to Direct Drive Rotary Friction Welding using various processing parameters, such as rotational speed and pressure, which resulted in different energy and heat input. Even though friction welding is a high energy process, by a proper selection of processing parameters it was possible to maintain grain size at around 0.7 µm in the weld zone and preserve the UFG microstructure. These microstructural features translated into mechanical properties: the YS for those specimens was around 330 MPa. Processing parameters that resulted in a larger heat input caused an increase in grain size to around 2 µm; this, however, increased ductility and led to a uniform elongation exceeding 5%. Corrosion resistance in the stir zone increased, as was evident in the higher open circuit potential and higher corrosion potential in comparison with base material; the observed differences were about 50 mV. These changes can be explained by the higher fraction of HAGBs in the SZ.
Highlights
Ultrafine-grained (UFG) materials feature extraordinary mechanical properties that make them attractive for industrial applications, their limited size still limits utilization
The initial UFG copper rod is characterized by a grain size of 0.70 ± 0.18 μm, with 47% of High Angle Grain Boundaries (HAGBs)
When the influence of this parameter on the corrosion resistance of copper and its alloys was investigated, as shown in the review in [44], the results indicate that no single clear correlation occurs, and the results obtained depend on various factors, such as the chosen environment
Summary
Ultrafine-grained (UFG) materials feature extraordinary mechanical properties that make them attractive for industrial applications, their limited size still limits utilization. The most popular methods of fabrication UFG materials are Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD) processes, which are constrained by the billet size—usually too small for industrial use. Provide an attractive alternative for manufacturing long products. The two most recognized solid state joining processes known for producing welds. Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering (2022) 22:9 aluminum with copper [11, 12]. Studies have reported on friction joining processes being used for acquiring a UFG microstructure in the weld zone in copper [13] or aluminium [14, 15]
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