Characterization of Toxoplasma and Trichinella isolates from muscles of black bears in Pennsylvania

Abstract

Summary During the hunting season of 1992, 322 black bears from Pennsylvania were examined for Toxoplasma gondii- and Trichinella spp-induced infections. Toxoplasma gondii antibodies were found in 79.8% of 322 bears–titer < 1:25 in 65 (20.2%), 1:25 in 18 (5.6%), 1:50 in 11 (34.5%) and 1:500 in 128 (38.7%) bears –by use of the modified agglutination test. Muscle tissues from 89 of these bears were bioassayed for T gondii parasites. Muscles from 64 bears, including heart from 1 bear, and heart alone from another bear, were digested in pepsin, and the digested samples were bioassayed in mice. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from 5 bears; from the heart of 1, heart and skeletal muscles of 1, and skeletal muscles of 3. The T gondii antibody titers for the 5 bears with detectable T gondii were: ≥ 1:25 in all 5 bears by use of the modified agglutination test; < 1:10 (3 bears, considered Toxoplasma-negative), 1:20 and 1:320 by use of the Sabin-Feldman dye test; < 1:64 (3 bears, considered Toxoplasma-negative), 1:128, 1:512 by use of the indirect hemagglutination test, and < 1:16 (2 bears, considered Toxoplasma-negative), 1:32, 1:64, and 1:512 by use of the latex agglutination test. Toxoplasma gondii was not isolated from feces of 5 cats fed muscles from the remaining 25 bears with T gondii antibody titer < 1:25. Tissue cysts of the 4 T gondii isolates from bears were rendered noninfective by freezing at – 13 C. Antibodies against Trichinella spp were found in 6 (1.8%) of 319 bear sera; Trichinella spp larvae were detected in muscle digests of 2 of 63 bears, and in histologic sections of muscles from 3 of 162 bears. Genetic typing indicated that the 2 Trichinella isolates from bears were a sylvatic genotype and were not the species found in domestic pigs.