Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causes of seafood-borne diseases worldwide, which are attributable to the contamination of food by preformed enterotoxins. In this study, a total of 206 (34.3%) Staphylococcus aureus strains were obtained from 600 fish and shrimp samples and were tested for their antimicrobial susceptibility. We assessed the prevalence of the genes responsible for the staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEA, SEB) and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) genes. The results indicated that 34% of aqua food samples were contaminated with S. aureus, and 23.8% of these isolates were mec-A-positive. Sixty-four percent of the strains isolated from contaminated seafood was enterotoxigenic S. aureus, and 28.2% of SEs were MRSA-positive. The most prevalent genotype was characterized by the presence of the sea gene (45.2%), followed by the seb gene (18.5%), and the tst gene encoding TSST-1 was found in eight strains (3.9%). Of the 206 S. aureus isolates, 189 strains (84.9%) were resistant to at least one antibiotic. Given the frequent outbreaks of enterotoxigenic MRSA, it is necessary to make revisions to mandatory programmes to facilitate improved hygiene practices during fishing, aquaculture, processing, and sales to prevent the contamination of fishery products in Iran.
Highlights
Outbreaks were reported, affecting 414 persons, of which 26 patients required hospitalization[12]
A total of 206 S. aureus isolates were grouped into eight categories based on seafood sample origin, i.e., aqua products and fish
Analysis revealed that 18 (24%) fresh marine shrimp samples, 30 (40%) frozen marine shrimp samples, 15 (20%) fresh farm shrimp samples, and 21 (28%) frozen farm shrimp samples were contaminated with S. aureus
Summary
Outbreaks were reported, affecting 414 persons, of which 26 patients required hospitalization[12]. In the United States, SFP is estimated to account for 185,060 illnesses and 1,753 cases requiring hospitalization annually[13]. Some studies have reported MRSA in aquatic animals and identified antimicrobial-resistant S. aureus as the causative agent in cases of fish handlers’ disease[14,15,16,17,18]. Molecular typing of S. aureus strains plays a crucial role in epidemiological studies examining disease origins and can be used to monitor major incidents of contamination[6,8]. The aim of the present study was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibilities of S. aureus isolates derived from various fish and shrimp samples in Iran from 2013 to 2014. The final aim of this study was to investigate the contamination of fishery products before their purchase and consumption
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