Abstract
Agricultural production can be aggrandized by adaptation of trending technologies or processes which focus on increase in seed production. Asexual reproduction in plants or Apomixis is such a process, but its absence in major crop plants has paved an increased research towards understanding the process of apomixis. In present study an attempt was made to understand the role of differentially expressed proteins and metabolite in plant parts like leaf, stigma, immature ovary, seed, anther sac and pollen grains of Cenchrus polystachion. 563, 936, 1188, 770, 721 and 712 proteins and 6118, 6784, 6192, 6615, 5797 and 5791 metabolites were obtained from leaf, stigma, immature ovary, seed, anther sac and pollen respectively on proteome and metabolome analysis. Some of the differentially expressed proteins and metabolites unveiled the important pathways for apomixis in Cenchrus. The top most pathways involved in apomixis are sphingolipid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, alpha linolenic acid pathway and brassinosteroid biosynthesis. The detailed analysis of the all the tissues gave an insight of the overexpression of GNDI Inhibitor (Guanosine nucleotide diphosphate dissociation inhibitor) in immature ovary. The molecular docking study further revealed that the GoLOCO motif of GNDI efficiently interacts with G alpha protein which interferes with the binding of G alpha with PLD alpha (Phospholipase D alpha). Thus, the overexpression of G alpha Inhibitor might exert their effect on PLD alpha leading to meiosis inactivation and formation of apomictic seed.
Highlights
Agriculture industry is witnessing the increase in demand with increasing population globally
In present study an attempt was made to understand the role of differentially expressed proteins and metabolite in plant parts like leaf, stigma, immature ovary, seed, anther sac and pollen grains of Cenchrus polystachion. 563, 936, 1188, 770, 721 and 712 proteins and 6118, 6784, 6192, 6615, 5797 and 5791 metabolites were obtained from leaf, stigma, immature ovary, seed, anther sac and pollen respectively on proteome and metabolome analysis
The molecular docking study further revealed that the GoLOCO motif of Guanosine Nucleotide Diphosphate Dissociation Inhibitor (GNDI) efficiently interacts with G alpha protein which interferes with the binding of G alpha with PLD alpha (Phospholipase D alpha)
Summary
Agriculture industry is witnessing the increase in demand with increasing population globally. To fulfil the ever-increasing demand, new methods need to be explored based on the processes involved in seed production.[1] Apomixis, occurring in few species of plants, has the ability for huge seed production resulting in maternal clones.[2] Apomixis can be a promising technology for hybrid seed production and it can bring a revolution in agriculture field if its basis is elucidated. Cenchrus polystachion is an apomictic grass, a close relative of Pennisetum and previously available literature supports the unification of Pennisetum and Cenchrus species.[3] The studies on apomixis till date have not been able to explore its complete basis because these apomictic species are largely not agriculturally important crops and these apomicts have not been sequenced, as a reason why their genome annotations are not available.[1]
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