Characterization of Ti/Si binary oxides prepared by the sol-gel method and their photocatalytic properties: The hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis of CH3CCH with H2O

Abstract

Titanium-silicon (Ti/Si) binary oxides having different Ti content were prepared by the sol-gel method and utilized as photocatalysts for the hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis of CH2CCH with H2O. The photocatalytic reactivity and selectivity of these catalysts were investigated as a function of the Ti content and it was found that the hydrogenolysis reaction (C2H6 formation) was predominant in regions of low Ti content, while the hydrogenation reaction (C3H6 formation) proceeded in regions of high Ti content. The in situ photoluminescence, diffuse reflectance absorption, FT-IR, XAFS (XANES and EXAFS), and XPS spectroscopic investigations of these Ti/Si binary oxides indicated that the titanium oxide species are highly dispersed in the SiO2 matrices and exist in a tetrahedral coordination exhibiting a characteristic photoluminescence spectrum. The charge transfer excited state of the tetrahedrally coordinated titanium oxide species plays a significant role in the efficient photoreaction with a high selectivity for the hydrogenolysis of CH3CCH to produces mainly C2H6 and CH4, while the catalysts involving the aggregated octahedrally coordinated titanium oxide species show a high selectivity for the hydrogenation of CH3CCH to produce C3H6, being similar to reactions of the powdered TiO2 catalysts. The good parallel relationship between the yield of the photoluminescence and the specific photocatalytic reactivity of the Ti/Si binary oxides as a function of the Ti content clearly indicates that the high photocatalytic reactivity of the Ti/Si binary oxides having low Ti content is associated with the high reactivity of the charge transfer excited state of the isolated titanium oxide species in tetrahedral coordination, [Ti3+-O−]*.