Abstract
In recent years, acoustic underwater (AUW) communications have known a huge increase in research and development due to the growing needs of wireless transmission systems. While mobile radio channels fit well within the model of Rayleigh fading, this model is often used for the design of communication systems. However, many experimentations carried out by our laboratory (LIS ex CEPHAG) with the French Navy or within European Community MAST projects (LORACOM and PARACOM) have shown that this model do not fit for AUW transmissions. The AUW channel is well modeled, using ray tracing, by great deterministic propagation paths (macro-multipath) associated with random fluctuations (micro-multipaths). Experimental results will be presented. The slow variations of the deterministic part may be due to internal waves, the little, fast variations of the received energy by appearance or disappearance of micro-paths. A random channel modeling developed for LORACOM project (Contract No. MAS2-CTG4-0080) agrees with this behavior. Different AUW medium characterizations depending on the channel geometry (shallow or deep water communications), on the frequencies (between 1 and 10 kHz), and on the range (1 to 100 km) will be discussed. Spatial coherence results will also be presented.
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