Characterization of the transition from ploughing to cutting in micro machining and evaluation of the minimum thickness of cut

Abstract

When the machining process is miniaturized two process mechanisms, ploughing and chip formation, are essential and a critical cutting thickness needs to be exceeded so that not only ploughing will occur but chips will also be formed. The ploughing effect thereby influences the chip formation process, workpiece surface roughness, burr formation and residual stress state after processing and is therefore of great interest. In order to optimize the machining process a better understanding of the minimum thickness of cut is crucial. The changes in surface topography along the cutting track occurring during machining with a constant feed rate of the cutting tool were analyzed. The influence of the built-up edge phenomena on the micro machining process was investigated for normalized AISI 1045 using confocal white light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore the sin 2 ψ-method was applied in order to study the residual stress state in the workpiece surface induced by the machining process. Both surface layer properties investigated, surface roughness and residual stresses, show a characteristic transition indicating a change in the dominating process mechanisms. Based on these results a model is developed to determine the minimum thickness of cut. The minimum thickness of cut is found to significantly decrease with higher cutting velocities and to moderately increase with higher cutting edge radii. In addition a propagation of error for the values obtained with the model was performed, proving the quality of the model developed.